A planificação linguística e a definição de políticas linguísticas não são processos ideologicamente neutros: são mecanismos que definem o lugar e funções das línguas na estrutura social e, desse modo, determinam quem tem ou deve ter acesso ao poder político e aos recursos da sociedade.
This special number of Africana Studia results from a selection of papers submitted to the “Colonial and Postcolonial Landscapes: Architecture, Cities, Infrastructures - I International Congress”, which took place at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, in Lisbon, in January 2019.
Os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) são o tema central do dossier temático deste número da Revista “Africana Studia”, o qual resulta da reflexão que iniciamos com os estudantes do primeiro cohort do European Interdisciplinary Master African Studies (EIMAS), na unidade curricular de Development Cooperation.
Several files published by Africana Studia included material about Arab speaking countries, from Northern Africa to the Middle East. Still, this is the first one to focus exclusively on a non-African reality and apparently one not framed within a comparative perspective.
In fact, the comparative framework is clearly there. Palestine, like almost all African territories for about eight decades – and especially like South African apartheid between the 1950s and 1990’s – is a conflict area with key lessons for colonial studies, which remain a “classical “ field of interest for Africana Studia.
A exemplo da Africana Studia n.º 34, também este número se compõe de textos apresentados no V Encontro Internacional sobre Desporto e Lazer em África, sob o lema “Vivências coloniais e dinâmicas nacionais”, organizado pela Faculdade de Letras e Ciências Sociais, com a colaboração da Escola Superior de Ciências do Desporto, da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, em Maputo, de 8 e 9 de novembro de 2018. A estes textos juntaram-se os de outros investigadores da rede Desporto e Lazer em África1 e, ainda, de investigadores de outros países africanos. Todavia, neste volume da Africana Studia ainda merece realce Moçambique, cuja evolução desportiva é indiciariamente abordada em duas entrevistas a atores locais2. Da recente produção sobre desporto no país, cabe mencionar os trabalhos biográficos e de divulgação de histórias do desporto – por exemplo, de Oliveira3, Roletta4, Caldeira5, para além do trabalho de Graziano, Pessula e Tembe6, de Pereira e Gonzalez7 e, obviamente, de Domingos8.
Le présent numéro entre dans le cadre d’un projet de recherches portant sur les rapports entre ethnologie et préhistoire depuis la fin du XIXe siècle jusqu’à nos jours. La question de l’origine dans la relation entre Europe et Afrique s’est imposée comme problématique aux concepteurs du présent ouvrage, qui résulte d’une collaboration entre le Centre d’études africaines de l’université de Porto, l’Institut Frobenius de Francfort et l’université de La Sorbonne Nouvelle. Elle a donné lieu à une manifestation financée par le projet ANR-DFG Anthropos qui s’est tenue à l’université de Porto les 27 et 28 octobre 2020.
Este dossier da Africana Studia começou por se compor de artigos selecionados de entre os apresentados no V Encontro Internacional sobre Desporto e Lazer em África, sob o lema “Vivências coloniais e dinâmicas nacionais”, organizado pela Faculdade de Letras e Ciências Sociais, com a colaboração da Escola Superior de Ciências do Desporto, da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, em Maputo, de 8 a 9 de novembro de 2018. Juntaram-se outros estudos sobre manifestações culturais diversas, populares e urbanas, em diversos contextos africanos.
War and conflicts in Africa are usually linked to artificial borders, a lasting heritage of the colonial times1. In fact, about 70 % of the continental borderlines were settled – only among European powers – in less than 25 years (1885-1909). By the end of the Scramble for Africa, the geometrical lines (parallels, meridians and straight lines between points) accounted for more than 40 % of African borders – in Europe, the equivalent borders are 5%. Furthermore, only 11 % of African border-making decisions were based on human geography while this factor accounts for 50 % of the European borders (Bougetaia, 1981: 28; Foucher, 2014: 14; 18; 21).
Évoquer les questions environnementales en Afrique est indissociable de la notion de crises, de dégradation, que ce soit des ressources ou des paysages qui leurs sont associés. Dans les discours, comme dans les représentations, ces processus de dégradation seraient principalement causés par les sociétés africaines dont les modes de gestion et de valorisation des ressources sont souvent remises en cause et qualifiées de sous-développés, voir «arriérés».
The end of the cold war during the second half of 1989 also culminated in the Bretton Woods institutions joining the surviving superpower, the United States, in galvanising changes in the world order and for Sub-Saharan Africa. Multiparty, democratic elections were part of the constraints for accessing international finance. This left part of the North Africa and Middle East regimes to continue because of its special oil relationship with the West. In implementing competitive leadership change to replace the post-colonial One-Party-State system, a new process of national consultative conventions in former Francophone, Anglophone and Lusophone countries started putting together new draft constitutions, establishing function parliaments whilst reforming the public service to now include Election Management Bodies (EMB) as well as parliamentary mandated Election Commissions (ECs) established through the new Electoral Acts. This structure was and continues to be responsible for managing the six key dimensions of an election: delimitation, voter and candidate registration, campaigning, polling, collating and the announcement of results. The actual start for the continent to implement the new democratic norms was Benin 1991.
Unidade I&D integrada no projeto com referência UIDB/00495/2020 (DOI 10.54499/UIDB/00495/2020) e UIDP/00495/2020.
Centro de Estudos Africanos da Universidade do Porto
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4150-564 Porto
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+351 22 607 71 41
ceaup@letras.up.pt
